For many of us, the warmer weather can’t arrive soon enough. But premature warm temperatures can wreak havoc on nature.
The timing of seasons has become increasingly unpredictable as Canada’s climate continues to experience shifts and variations. The occurrence of early springs, characterized by premature warming and accelerated melting of snow, has raised concerns about the well-being of the country’s diverse plant life. The effects
of this abrupt seasonal shift on plants, trees and shrubs have been significant and far-reaching, leading to both positive and negative implications for various species.
Effects on Plants, Trees and Shrubs:
- Bud Damage: The premature emergence of buds due to early spring can render many plants vulnerable to late frosts, causing irreversible damage to delicate buds and flowers.
- Altered Blooming Cycles: Some plants, accustomed to a specific blooming timeline, may struggle to adjust to an early spring, leading to irregular or shortened flowering seasons.
- Increased Susceptibility to Pests: With the sudden warmth, certain pests may emerge earlier than usual, posing a threat to the weakened and unprepared plants.
- Water Stress: Accelerated snowmelt and early spring droughts can create water stress for plants, especially those adapted to a longer winter season.
Most Susceptible Plants:
- Fruit Trees: Fruit-bearing trees, such as apple, cherry and pear, are particularly susceptible to late frosts that can harm blossoms and lead to reduced fruit production.
- Early Flowering Shrubs: Plants like forsythia, magnolia and lilac, which rely on specific temperature cues to initiate flowering, may suffer from disrupted blooming cycles, impacting their aesthetic and ecological value.
- Cold-Climate Crops: Crops like strawberries and raspberries, often planted early in the season, are at risk of frost damage during an early spring, affecting overall yield and crop quality.
Protective Measures for Plants:
- Covering: Use protective coverings like frost cloths or blankets to shield plants from potential late frosts during an early spring.
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch to regulate soil temperature and conserve moisture, helping plants cope with fluctuating spring conditions.
- Watering: Regular watering, especially during dry spells, is essential to mitigate water stress and support plant resilience in the face of sudden climate changes.
- Select Resilient Varieties: Opt for plant varieties that exhibit resilience to fluctuating temperatures and early spring conditions, minimizing susceptibility to unpredictable weather patterns.
In addition to the intricate dynamics of early springs, the current El Niño cycle presents an added layer of complexity to the spring season in Canada. El Niño, characterized by anomalous warming of the Pacific Ocean, is projected to intensify the variability of weather patterns across the region, amplifying the likelihood of extreme weather fluctuations during the spring months.
Implications of El Niño on Early Spring:
- Temperature Fluctuations: The El Niño cycle is anticipated to exacerbate temperature fluctuations, leading to sporadic shifts between unseasonably warm spells and sudden cold snaps, which can be detrimental to the delicate balance of plant life.
- Increased Precipitation Variability: With the influence of El Niño, Canadian regions may experience irregular precipitation patterns, including intensified rainfall or unexpected drought conditions, posing challenges for the adaptive capacities of plants and trees.
- Elevated Risk of Storms: The heightened El Niño- related atmospheric instability may elevate the risk of severe storms, including hail storms and strong winds, potentially causing physical damage to plants, trees and shrubs.
As the amalgamation of an early spring and the impending El Niño cycle sets the stage for a potentially turbulent seasonal transition, the need for proactive measures to protect Canada’s diverse flora becomes increasingly imperative. By fostering a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interactions between an early spring and the ramifications of the current El Niño cycle, communities and environmental stewards can collectively fortify their efforts to mitigate the adverse impacts on the country’s rich botanical heritage.
Mark Sirois is a managing partner at Kyndryl by day and a long-range meteorologist whenever he can fit it in his free time. His passion for meteorology started at age 15, and for the last 35 years, he has developed a multifaceted approach to long-range forecasting. His frustrations with the way Canadian mainstream media broadcasts weather information led him to create an alternative option to those in southern Quebec. Since 2007, he has offered severe and long-range forecasts through the Southern Quebec Severe Weather Network on Facebook; but since 2022, he now provides daily, weekly and seasonal forecasts for Quebec as The Weather Whisperer via patreon.com/TheWeatherWhisperer.
